Unsure of where to start with creating a citation? Feeling overwhelmed by authors, titles, and where to put periods? Don't stress! LSU Libraries has access to some wonderful citation management resources available for students and faculty members to use. These can be great foundations for creating a citation. However, don't rely on the 100%. You will still need to double check them for errors. Citation Management software can be a useful tool but it is only a tool. Ask your professor if you questions about the citation style they prefer.
Nearly everyone understands that copying passages verbatim from another writer's work and representing them as one's own work constitute plagiarism. Yet plagiarism involves much more. At LSU plagiarism is defined to include any use of another's work and submitting that work as one's own. This means not only copying passages of writing or direct quotations but also paraphrasing or using structure or ideas without citation. Learning how to paraphrase and when and how to cite is an essential step in maintaining academic integrity." From LSU Student Advocacy & Accountability
Here are some links to help you avoid plagiarism when working on your papers.
In the AMA citation style, journal titles are required to be abbreviated. It can be confusing determining the title of a journal from a citation AND how to properly cite the journal's abbreviated title. However, the National Library of Medicine has created a nifty database to help you with this.
Based on AMA Manual of Style, 10th ed., 2007.
Please note: Some browsers may show italicized text as underlined. When preparing bibliographies based on any of the formats addressed by this series, italics are specified and should be used. If you don't see an example for your type of reference, consult the manual itself.
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Type of Entry
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Reference List
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| Book—single author |
Shepard TH. Catalog of Teratogenic Agents.7th ed. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1992. |
| Book—more than one author (list all authors if six or less, otherwise list first three followed by "et al.") |
Baselt RC, Cravey RH. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man. 4th ed. Foster City, CA: Chemical Toxicology Institute; 1995. |
| Book—with editors |
Armitage JO, Antman KH, eds. High-dose Cancer Therapy: Pharmacology, Hematopoietins, Stem Cells. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1995. |
| Chapter from a book |
Degner LF, McWilliams ME. Challenges in conducting cross-national nursing research. In: Fitzpatrick JJ, Stevenson JS, Polis NS, eds. Nursing Research and its Utilization: International State of the Science. New York, NY: Springer; 1994:211-215. |
| Monographic series |
Davidoff RA. Migraine: Manifestations, Pathogenesis, and Management. Philadelphia, Pa: FA Davis; 1995. Contemporary Neurology Series; No 42. |
| Article from journal—single author |
Moldofsky H. Sleep, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine functions in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Adv Neuroimmunol. 1995;5(1):39-56. |
| Article from journal—more than one author (list all authors if six or less, otherwise list first three followed by "et al.") |
Raux H, Coulon P, Lafay F, Flamand A. Monoclonal antibodies which recognize the acidic configuration of the rabies glycoprotein at the surface of the virion can be neutralizing. Virology. 1995;210(2):400-408. |
From the University of Washington, Health Sciences Library
Based on the AMA Manual of Style, 10th ed., 2007.
When citing electronic material, in addition to the basic information included as with print references, you must also, in general, include the URL (link) to the item as well as the date you accessed it.
Two tips to keep in mind: provide the most direct URL possible and if a DOI is listed instead of a URL, it is not necessary to include the date accessed. DOI is preferred over the URL.
Please note: Some browsers may show italicized text as underlined. When preparing bibliographies based on any of the formats addressed by this series, italics are specified and should be used. If you don't see an example for your type of reference, consult the manual itself.
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Type of Entry
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Reference List
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| Online journals with volume and page information | Kapur VK, Obstructive sleep apnea: diagnosis, epidemiology, and economics. Respir Care. 2010;55(9):1155-1167. http://www.rcjournal.com/contents/09.10/09.10.1155.pdf Accessed November 8, 2011. |
| Online journals without volume and page information * | Mast CT, DeMuro-Mercon C, Kelly CM, Floyd LE, Ealter EB. The impact of rotavirus gastroenteritis on the family. BMC Pediatrics. 2009;9:11. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-9-11 |
| Web site | King MW. The Medical Biochemistry Page. http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org. Updated July 14, 2009. Accessed July 14, 2009. |
| Online book | Neinstein, L, ed. Adolescent Health Care. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott W&W; 2008. http://www.r2library.com/marc_frame.aspx?ResourceID=931. Accessed November 9, 2011. |
| Chapter from an online book | Creating safety systems in health care organizations. In: Kohn, LT, Corrigan, JM, and Donaldson MS, eds. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine; 2000. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.ptp?record_id=9728&page=155. Accessed November 1, 2011. |
| Online reference | Amoxicillin. In:DRUGDEX System (Micromedex 2.0). Greenwood Village, CO: Truven Health Analytics; c1974-2013. http://www.micromedexsolutions.com/micromedex2/librarian#. Accessed October 22, 2013. |
*When a DOI is provided it is preferable to supply it and no accessed date is needed.
From the University of Washington, Health Sciences Library